Road to the code
Road to the Code is a phonological awareness programme for young children. Principles include the explicit teaching of phoneme manipulations and blending and segmenting in each lesson, as well as sound-symbol awareness activities. The programme is 15 hours long and contains material sufficient for 20 hours of phonological awareness programming. The programme has been used universally with children and here we report outcomes of its use with children with moderate to severe language impairment.
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Road to the code
Road to the Code is a phonological awareness programme for young children. Principles include the explicit teaching of phoneme manipulations and blending and segmenting in each lesson, as well as sound-symbol awareness activities. The programme is 15 hours long and contains material sufficient for 20 hours of phonological awareness programming. The programme has been used universally with children and here we report outcomes of its use with children with moderate to severe language impairment.
Evidence Rating: Moderate
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Non-speech oro-motor exercise
This is an approach that can be used by speech and language therapists to support children with particular types of speech difficulties. The aim of NS-OMEs is to target the physical (motor) and sensory functions which are thought to underlie speech production.
Evidence Rating: Indicative
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Naturalistic speech intelligibility training
Naturalistic intervention is an approach that can be used by speech and language therapists to target children’s errors in speech and grammatical morphemes. This approach makes a distinction between speech intelligibility (i.e. the degree to which a child is understood) and speech accuracy (i.e. the correct production of individual phonemes). It is intended for use with children who have severe speech sound disorder who are difficult to understand.
Evidence Rating: Moderate
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Cycles
The Cycles approach (Hodson and Paden, 1991) is a speech and language therapy technique and was initially developed for use with children who have speech that is very difficult to understand because of the large number of mistakes they make with different speech sounds. This includes children with severe expressive phonological impairments, children with developmental verbal dyspraxia, repaired cleft palate, hearing impairment with and without cochlear implant and learning difficulties.
Evidence Rating: Moderate
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Cueing word-finding
A cueing-aid designed to be used as an approach to improve children’s word-finding abilities
Evidence Rating: Indicative
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My sentence builder
My Sentence Builder is a computer-assisted treatment (C-AT) programme for the remediation of expressive-grammar deficits in preschool children with expressive Specific language impairment (SLI) whose receptive language skills are within the normal range. My Sentence Builder features components for present progressive sentences, one of the earliest developmental sentence types acquired, which can be used to create grammatically correct sentences by a clinician–client dyad.
Evidence Rating: Indicative
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Cued speech
The system of cued speech was designed primarily to help deaf and hearing impaired speakers to learn English, to help lip reading and to support the development of literacy. Cued speech is a system of hand shapes and hand positions used in combination with lip shapes to show all the different speech sounds.
Evidence Rating: Indicative
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Core vocabulary
The Core Vocabulary approach (Crosbie, Holm & Dodd, 2005) is designed for use with children who have an inconsistent speech disorder (Dodd, 2005), i.e. many of their words are produced with inconsistent pronunciations but there are no signs of developmental verbal dyspraxia.
Evidence Rating: Moderate
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Little Talkers (Parent-based intervention)
Little Talkers (originally known as the Parent-based Intervention Programme or PBI) was developed by Deborah Gibbard in 1992. It is an indirect approach, delivered by parents, under the guidance of a speech and language therapist and is aimed at pre-school children presenting with expressive language delay.
Evidence Rating: Indicative
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